Current Issue : July-September Volume : 2022 Issue Number : 3 Articles : 5 Articles
This paper first summarizes the development basis of Heilongjiang Free Trade Zone from the two aspects of optimal strategy and foreign trade, introduces the geographical environment and enterprise situation of Heilongjiang Free Trade Zone, and describes the main development focus of Harbin area, Heihe area and Suifenhe area. Among them, Harbin area focuses on system innovation, Heihe area focuses on cross-border e-commerce, and Suifenhe area focuses on developing Sino-Russian mutual trade. At the same time, summarize the basic situation of Heilongjiang financial market and Sino-Russian mutual trade. At present, Sino-Russian trade is developing well, but there are also some problems, such as Russia’s trade barriers. Secondly, from the perspective of policy support, the financial deepening situation of Heilongjiang Free Trade Zone is sorted out, mainly from the People’s Bank of China, State Administration of Foreign Exchange, China Credit Insurance Company and commercial banks to interpret the orientation of policies. Finally, by combining theory with practice, this paper analyzes the path of financial deepening in Heilongjiang Free Trade Zone affecting industrial transformation, fiscal revenue, trade and investment....
This study investigates the effect of monetary policy and exchange rate fluctuations on trade balance in Sierra Leone using the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bound testing framework with annual times series data covering the period 1980 to 2020. The results from the unit root test reveal a combination of I(0) and I(1) series, while the bound test result confirms there is cointegration, which validates the existence of a long-run relationship. The long run results reveal that, money supply, real effective exchange rate and real GDP are the main determinants of trade balance in Sierra Leone. The findings indicate that money supply and real effective exchange rate have negative impact on trade balance, whilst a positive relationship exists between real GDP and trade balance. Furthermore, results from the beta coefficients confirm that real GDP has the greatest effect on trade balance in the long run, followed by real effective exchange rate, whilst money supply has the least effect. Also, the short run ARDL error correction model results reveal that real GDP, government expenditure and foreign direct investment are the main determinants of trade balance in Sierra Leone. The diagnostic result posits that about 85% of the variation in trade balance is explained by the independent variables, as evident by the R-square value of 0.85. The CUSUM and CUSUMSQ tests indicate that the model is stable. A major policy recommendation is to maintain exchange rate stability consistent with its equilibrium path, and ensure that money supply growth is in tandem with domestic demand for non-tradeable goods and services....
This study aims at giving more explanation to the efficiency of World Trade Organization’s dispute resolution process according to developing countries. Actually, in a multilateral trading system, many developing countries do not choose this procedure. After the global health crisis, many countries tend to take protectionism trade’s measures instead of promoting free exchange principles. It is true that the importance of the exportation demonstrates the national economic growth by creating foreign currency; nevertheless, many public companies are still victims of abusive practices from international societies. In fact, there are more and more illegal practices in the field of international trade. Those are the reasons why this research has been done. The goal is to push Malagasy’s government to raise awareness about the importance of adopting appropriate juridical measures in order to protect the commercial interest of the companies as far as global commercial changes are concerned. The dispute settlement body already existed since the General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs of 1947(GATT). The contracting parties had chosen to settle diplomatic conflict resolutions as far as commercial disputes are concerned instead of choosing juridical ways....
In a relatively short period of time, the development of the sharing economy has surprised analysts and practitioners with a new perspective on how to access and distribute services, the speed of growth in a multitude of economic sectors and their global expansion. In the field of tourism, home sharing has come to satisfy the changes in the preferences and behaviour of tourists, mainly oriented now towards vacations that offer authentic and memorable experiences. In this article, we made a comparison between the expectations of tourists from Airbnb and those they have from a traditional accommodation and which are the reasons why people choose collaborative services. We are also interested to see how these home sharing systems have adapted to the recent challenges posed by the global pandemic crisis, differences and similarities with the strategies of traditional operators, and to what extent we can anticipate future trends in tourism accommodations. However, the data about online platforms, in general, but also about the Airbnb platform, in particular, are not well nuanced, despite the fact that there is more and more interest in this field, and the ongoing impact of the global pandemic is still partially captured and refined in international statistics on tourism....
This study aims to determine the impacts of trade openness on economic growth in Ghana and Nigeria using panel data from 1998 to 2017. This study has trade openness, inflation, real exchange, and investment as independent variables and economic growth as a dependent variable. This study used pooled ordinary least squares (OLS), fixed effects, random effects, and a Hausman test with panel data to arrive at the results. Hausman’s test was performed to indicate which model is suitable for the study. The result suggests that the random effect model is appropriate for the study. The results show that trade openness and real exchange rate positively and significantly impact economic growth using the random effect. In contrast, inflation and investment have an insignificant impact on economic growth using Random effect estimated models. The study indicated that there is no heteroskedasticity and also no autocorrelation results in the data. Therefore, it is recommended that governments of these countries implement measures and policies to manage the real exchange rate and trade effects to protect economic growth. About inflation, governments of these countries can put in measures to curb and control inflation since a rise in inflation has negative effects on economic growth....
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